Books Chapters

This chapter examines the international legal regime for subsurface uses and the extent to which existing treaty and customary law rules are capable of regulating new sub surface energy activities. This chapter begins with an overview of ‘ownership’ of the subsurface in international law, and then proceeds to examine how such activities either because of their location (e.g. subsurface) and/or effects (e.g. transboundary environmental effects) are subject to international legal rules.