Indian Education Repository

Programme of Mass Orientation of School Teachers (PMOST) was seen as a successful initiative and was taken up again in the form of Special Orientation Program for Primary School Teachers (SOPT) from 1993 to 1994. The aim was to fulfil the goals left behind by PMOST, i.e. a) train teachers to use Operation Blackboard materials provided to primary-school teachers, supported by media and b) encourage teachers to adopt a child-centred approach to teaching. The professional development of teachers was emphasized in initiatives like SOPT. The focus is on Universal Elementary Education (UEE) and learning achievements. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) was an integral part of the teaching-learning process and became a key component of SOPT and involved training teachers in a range of evaluation methods covering competencies, appropriate­ness, adequacy, frequency and variety .