Author: cprindia

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SANITATION MANAGEMENT WATER RESOURCES

On the occasion of World Toilet Day on 19th November 2018, Centre for Policy Research (CPR) in collaboration with Vidya Bhawan Society organised a seminar on ‘Sustainable Water Resource and Sanitation Management’ in Udaipur. This was the 16th seminar in the Community of Research and Practices seminar series organised by the SCI-FI project.

This seminar was attended by researchers, practitioners, CSOs, and private partners including representatives from Udaipur Municipal Corporation, Urban Improvement Trust and Town Planning Department.

The seminar had two thematic sessions. The first session focused on safe sanitation and waste water reuse. Neelima Khetan, Group CSR Head for Vedanta Resources, Vice President, CSR, Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) highlighted that the strength of corporates lies in managing waste water and partnering with competent bodies. This can be leveraged to build capacities of Urban Local Bodies through strategic interface of private partners, government, civil society actors, and community stakeholders. She emphasised on the fact that corporates can strengthen ties with the grassroot community. Considering that Udaipur has a high dependence on on-site sanitation system, Ambarish Karunanithi, Senior Research Associate, CPR emphasised on the need for sustainable solution for non-sewered networks in Udaipur. He also discussed about the partnership with HZL to support Udaipur Municipal Corporation (UMC) to improve sanitation systems in Udaipur. Abhinav Kumar, Research Associate from Vidya Bhawan Society sighted that norms and beliefs play a critical role in determining sanitation choices of the household. He stated access to toilet is not the same as access to sanitation, taking in account the sanitation market scenario in particular. Anju Dwivedi, Senior Researcher, CPR highlighted the need to involve community to improve urban sanitation.

In the second session titled ‘Sustainable Urban Water Management’, Dr Anil Mehta, Principal, Vidya Bhawan Polytechnic presented on Integrated Water Resource Management in Udaipur. He defined Integrated Water Resource Management as a mechanism that promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximise the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner. Dr PK Singh, Professor, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology shared lessons of empowering communities through participatory Ground water management at village level through Managing Aquifer Recharge and Sustainable Groundwater Use through Village-level Intervention (MARVI) project. Drawing lessons from the rural landscape, he focused on participatory water shed management and hoped this model can be upscaled in the urban context as well.

FULL VIDEOS OF PRESENTATIONS
SANITATION

Malaysia has developed an integrated approach to management and treatment of waste from sewered and non-sewered areas that is considered very successful. It is estimated that around 65% of the urban population of Malaysia is covered by network sewerage, while the rest rely on Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) services provided by the same agency that provides network sewerage services.

Through these presentations, Dorai Narayanan discusses the causes and remedies associated with river pollution and their link to the sanitation sector, and contextualises Malaysia’s success story, analysing the associated problems and challenges.

The two presentations can be accessed here:

Rivers and Pollution: Causes and Remedies, and its Link to the Sanitation Sector (above)
Sanitation and Sewerage Management in Malaysia: A Case Study of Reform and Sector Transformation
This is the 11th in the series of the Community of Research and Practice (CORP) seminars planned by the Scaling City Institutions for India: Sanitation (SCI-FI: Sanitation) initiative. More information can be found at the event page.

FULL VIDEO OF SEMINAR
SANITATION URBANSANITATION

Watch the full video (above) of the session ‘Socio-legal, technical and financial knowledge base: Evidence and practice’ featuring Ravikant Joshi, Raj Bhushan Roy, Nirat Bhatnagar, Tripti Singh, Manish, Devashish Deshpande, Nilanjana Bhattacharjee and Marie-Hélène Zérah.

The seminar had two thematic sessions. The first session discussed insights from the field to build an understanding of social, legal, technical and financial issues and challenges sanitation workers face, and also deliberated on the ground challenges of bringing sanitary workers into alternative livelihood options. This was followed by a session that focussed on developing an Action Research Agenda for Future for the Indian context and explore possible solutions to improve sanitation workers’ safety. Through this CORP seminar, we aimed to build a shared understanding of the issues and challenges faced by sanitation workers’ and developed future research agenda for furthering action research in order to identify gaps and strengthen evidence to improve sanitation workers’ safety.

The session brought together senior researchers, practitioners and experts to share their insights on various aspects of action-based research pertaining to the issues and challenges that the sanitation worker faces.

Speakers for the session:

Ravikant Joshi, Urban Management Centre

Raj Bhushan Roy, WaterAid India

Nirat Bhatnagar, Dalberg Advisors

Tripti Singh, Centre for Policy Research

Manish, Centre for Policy Research

Nilanjana Bhattacharjee, PRIA

Devashish Deshpande, Centre for Policy Research

The session was moderated by Marie-Hélène Zérah, IRD, and Centre for Policy Research.

The second session on ‘Solutions and Action Research Agenda for Future to Improve Sanitation Workers’ Safety’ featuring Ravikant Joshi, Raj Bhushan Roy, Ambarish Karunanithi, Anahitaa Bakshi, Devashish Deshpande, Shashi Shikha, VR Raman and Anju Dwivedi can be accessed here.

About the Series

This is the 18th in a series of the Community of Research and Practice (CORP) seminar hosted by the Scaling City Institution for India: Sanitation (SCI-FI: Sanitation) initiative with the support of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). This seminar series seeks to provide a platform for discussing the experiences of the researchers and practitioners on urban sanitation.

Access the other CORP sessions below

• 17th CORP Seminar
• 16th CORP Seminar
• 15th CORP Seminar

WATCH THE FULL VIDEO OF THE WEBINAR
HEALTH SANITATION

Watch the full video recording of the CORP webinar on ‘Informal Settlements and COVID-19: Water and Sanitation as a Frontline Response’, organised by the Scaling City Institutions for India (SCI-FI) at CPR. In this webinar, speakers and presenters contributed towards understanding the aspects of WASH related inequities in informal settlements in South Asian countries and how they are deepened in emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Urban informal settlements are ubiquitous across the Global South – housing from 24% of the urban population in India to more than 50% in Nepal, Bangladesh, and several African countries. Residents of urban informal settlements perennially contend with insecurities in water and sanitation, housing, and livelihoods. Relying on underprovided and shared infrastructure for water and sanitation and cramped to the hilt within living accommodations, social distancing is an untenable proposition for those in these settlements during the ongoing pandemic. Moreover, the disproportionately lower density of water and sanitation infrastructure, compared to the population density, also constrains the ability of the residents to exercise proper and frequent handwashing. Yet, the epidemiological vulnerabilities of urban informal settlements are not endemic only to the ongoing crisis but have manifested time and time again during epidemics, like the Ebola outbreak.

With the continuing upward trajectory of urbanisation and globalisation facilitating the spread of infectious diseases, governments, planners, practitioners, and researchers must respond with not only emergency measures for immediate relief in informal settlements but also strategies for creating more resilient cities that can effectively prevent and arrest emerging and remerging diseases in the future.

Watch out for upcoming CORP webinars in this new series, Informal Settlements and COVID-19: New Urban WASH Priorities for South Asian Governments, that will bring together researchers and practitioners from across South Asia to deliberate upon the urban Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector needs to achieve these dual goals.

Presentations of speakers can be accessed below:

Ananda Jayaweera
Hasin Jahan
Lajana Manandhar
Marije Broekhuijsen
Anindita Mukherjee & Neha Agarwal

SECOND DISCUSSION OF THE CPR-TCPD (TRIVEDI CENTRE FOR POLITICAL DATA, ASHOKA UNIVERSITY) DIALOGUES ON INDIAN POLITICS
ELECTION STUDIES POLITICS

Watch the full video (above) of the talk by eminent political scientist, Dr Milan Vaishnav on the current state of Indian politics in the run up to the 2019 national elections.

The talk focused on the seedy underbelly of electoral politics — how candidates are chosen, how parties and campaigns are financed, and how it all affects electoral outcomes.

Milan Vaishnav is Director & Senior Fellow, South Asia Program, at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

The question and answer session that followed can be accessed here.

About the CPR-TCPD Dialogues

This was the second event in the CPR-TCPD Dialogues on Indian Politics series, launched in a partnership between Centre for Policy Research and Trivedi Centre for Political Data (TPCD) at Ashoka University. This is a monthly event that brings together academicians, policy and political practitioners, and civil society actors to grapple with important social and political issues in India. It provides a forum for intellectually rigorous, non-partisan commentary to strengthen public discourse on politics in India. In these polarised times, debates on politics in India have tended to be increasingly noisy, blurring the lines between critical engagement and partisan endorsement. This dialogue series is an effort to carve out a space for critical, nuanced engagement to understand the changing dynamics of Indian political parties, the impact of new and emerging social movements and the use of new instruments of mobilisation in our polity.

Watch the full video (above) of the panel discussion between Dr D Prabhakaran and Dr Preet K Dhillon, moderated by Bhargav Krishna, on the health effects of air pollution, particularly looking at cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Drawing from global evidence as well as in low- and middle-income country settings like India, the panel discussed biological pathways and available evidence on the linkages between air pollution and these health conditions.

Dr D Prabhakaran is a cardiologist and epidemiologist by training. He is an internationally renowned researcher and is currently the Vice President- Research & Policy, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Executive Director of Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India and Professor (Epidemiology) London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. His presentation on Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease in India can be accessed here.

Dr Preet K Dhillon is a trained Epidemiologist who has worked on cancer and other NCDs as a Senior Research Scientist and Associate Professor at PHFI’s Centre for Chronic Conditions & Injuries and Centre for Environmental Health where she is involved in scientific research, management, teaching, mentorship and capacity building. Her presentation on Air Pollution and Cancer can be accessed here.

Bhargav Krishna manages the Centre for Environmental Health at PHFI, a role which involves coordinating the Foundation’s work on environmental health, leading engagements with the government, corporate sector, multilateral and bilateral agencies. His presentation on Air Pollution and Health in India can be accessed here.

This is the second seminar in the Clearing the Air Seminar Series, organised by the Initiative on Climate, Energy and Environment (ICEE) at the Centre for Policy Research (CPR). This seminar was organised in collaboration with the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI). The series aims to promote sustained and informed public understanding around the data, impacts, sources and policy challenges involved in clearing Delhi’s air. While it will focus on the context of Delhi, the series will also reflect on the fact that the problem extends far beyond Delhi. The seminar series will present the work of experts in a range of areas to help promote informed public discussion about what changes are needed, what is possible, and how to get it done. Clearing the air in terms of knowledge and public information, we hope, will make a small contribution toward actually clearing Delhi’s air.

The question and answer session that followed can be accessed here. The full video of the last seminar can be accessed here.

Watch the full video (above) of the presentations and panel discussion between Amit Bhatt, Parthaa Bosu, and Sumit Sharma, moderated by Mukta Naik, on the role of the transport sector in Delhi’s air quality. Deliberating on key technical and policy drivers for reduction and management of emissions from the transport sector, the presentations and panel discussed opportunities for intervention in the sector.

Amit Bhatt is the Director of Integrated Urban Transport at WRI India. He is based in Delhi and provides vision and leadership to all transport initiatives across WRI in India and neighbouring countries.

Parthaa Bosu is the lead consultant on air pollution with Environment Defence Fund, based in the United States. He was previously with the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), working on in-use vehicle emissions, and has also served as the India Director and South Asia Liaison of the UN Partnership, Clean Air Asia.

Sumit Sharma is a Fellow and Associate Director of the Earth Science and Climate Change group of TERI. He has worked on a number of projects related to air quality management which involves air quality monitoring, emission inventorisation, air quality modeling (dispersion and receptor), and drafting air quality management plans.

This is the fourth seminar in the Clearing the Air Seminar Series, organised by the Initiative on Climate, Energy and Environment (ICEE) at the Centre for Policy Research (CPR). This seminar was organised in collaboration with the Urbanisation team at CPR. The series aims to promote sustained and informed public understanding around the data, impacts, sources and policy challenges involved in clearing Delhi’s air. While it will focus on the context of Delhi, the series will also reflect on the fact that the problem extends far beyond Delhi. The seminar series will present the work of experts in a range of areas to help promote informed public discussion about what changes are needed, what is possible, and how to get it done. Clearing the air in terms of knowledge and public information, we hope, will make a small contribution toward actually clearing Delhi’s air.

The presentation given by Parthaa Bosu can be accessed here.

The question and answer session that followed can be accessed here.

We are pleased to share a recently published four-part series in the Hindustan Times on India’s air pollution crisis. Written in collaboration with leading air pollution researchers, the series takes stock of what we know about India’s air pollution so far, and discusses problems we need to consider as we plan for the future.

Understanding the curse of air pollution

Navroz K Dubash and Santosh Harish

December 19, 2018

When, how much, and where we should worry about air pollution? In short, the answers are: most of the time, a lot, and all over India. Air pollution is a year-round problem, and not just restricted to winters. Annual average levels in many parts of India are multiple times the WHO and Indian safe levels – not just in cities or industrial areas, but across the region.

Public health in India a casualty of air pollution

Kalpana Balakrishnan and Shibani Ghosh

December 20, 2018

The evidence that we have about the health impacts of air pollution sends a clear message – there is a crisis unfolding in India. Commissioning additional studies on emissions and impacts will undoubtedly help guide future policy actions. But currently available information and knowledge on health effects and exposure attribution to sources is more than sufficient to move us into ‘mission’ mode.

Delhi has a complex air pollution problem

Navroz K Dubash and Sarath Guttikunda

December 21, 2018

There are at least four discrete sectors that each substantially contribute to Delhi’s pollution: industry; transport; biomass and waste burning; and dust. We must recognise we are dealing with a multi-headed problem, that progress on all sources is needed, that we may not see progress immediately but should stay the course, and that solutions need to be tailored to the specific characteristics of each pollution source.

Air pollution: India is waking up, but there’s a long way to go

Navroz K Dubash, Shibani Ghosh, and Santosh Harish

December 22, 2018

India is waking up to the costs of air pollution. But we have only taken initial, reactive measures toward addressing the challenge. We now need to move to systematic actions built on the foundations of political pressure, public engagement and strategic institutional action.

For more updates on the Clearing the Air series, follow the Initiative on Climate, Energy, and Environment on Twitter and Facebook, or visit the Clearing the Air? project page.

On 26 November 2019, the Initiative on Climate, Energy and Environment (ICEE) at the Centre for Policy Research, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), and Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) co-hosted a discussion on the linkages between climate change and development pathways.

The discussion, which engaged with the UN Environment Programme’s recently-released Emissions Gap Report 2019, was chaired by R R Rashmi (Distinguished Fellow and Programme Director, Earth Science and Climate Change, TERI). The panellists included Simon Maxwell (Development Economist, and Former Director, Overseas Development Institute), P. K Anand (Visiting Fellow, RIS), Sabyasachi Saha (Assistant Professor, RIS), and Navroz K. Dubash (Professor, CPR and Coordinator, ICEE).

Simon Maxwell’s presentation on the key takeaways from the UN Environment Programme’s Emissions Gap Report 2019 can be found here.

Navroz K. Dubash’s presentation on the implications of the report for India can be found here.

Part 1 of the complete video is given above. To watch the Q+A session following the event, click here.

About the Participants

Rajani Ranjan Rashmi is a Distinguished Fellow in The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). He is a senior member of Indian Administrative service and has been, for several years, India’s principal negotiator for climate change negotiations under the UN FCCC. He served the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt of India for almost 8 years before and after the Paris Agreement. He has thus been involved in the making of India’s policy on climate change. He retired last year as the Chief Secretary of Manipur. Besides his position in TERI, Mr Rashmi is also a member of the Technical Advisory Body of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and is associated with the Sub Committee of the Finance Ministry on Climate Finance.

Simon Maxwell is a development economist, with a career spanning fifty years. He worked for ten years overseas, in Kenya, India and Bolivia, for UNDP and the British aid programme, then for fifteen years at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex. From 1997-2009, he was Director of the Overseas Development Institute, the UK’s leading independent think-tank on international development and humanitarian issues. He has recently been Executive Chair of the Climate and Development Knowledge Network, Chair of the European Think Tanks Group, and a Specialist Adviser to the International Development Select Committee of the UK House of Commons. Simon is a past President of the Development Studies Association of the UK and Ireland. In 2007, he was awarded a CBE for services to international development. For further information, see www.simonmaxwell.eu.

P. K Anand is a full-time Visiting Fellow at the Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS). He was previously a Senior Consultant at NITI Aayog, working on the SDGs, Appraisal of the 12th Five-Year Plan etc. Before his retirement from the Indian Administrative Service, he served in the State Government of Rajasthan, and was Senior Adviser, Planning Commission of Government of India (GoI) heading Development Monitoring & Evaluation Organization, and handling work related to several Ministries. He holds M.Sc. in Physics and Economics (LSE), and a PhD in Economics.

Sabyasachi Saha is Assistant Professor at the Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), New Delhi. He obtained his Ph.D., M.Phil. and M.A. in Economics from the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi at the Centre for International Trade and Development (CITD). As a Ph.D. scholar he received the WIPO Prize, DAAD funded junior fellowship for research in Germany, and Government of India Travel Award. Previously, he has worked with JNU and ICRIER as senior research staff. Recently, he contributed as a Member of T20 Japan Task Force on Trade, Investment, and Globalisation. His areas of expertise include innovation economics, technology, international trade, and industrial policy. In the context of the SDGs, he has extensively worked on STI; technology facilitation and transfer; industrial development; resource mobilisation and the role of the private sector.

Navroz K. Dubash is a Professor at the Centre for Policy Research (CPR), and leads the CPR Initiative on Climate, Energy and Environment. He works on climate change policy and governance, the political economy of energy and air pollution, and the regulatory state in the developing world. Widely published in these areas, Navroz serves on Government of India advisory committees on climate change, energy and air pollution, and on the editorial boards of several international journals. He is currently a Coordinating Lead Author for the national policies and institutions chapter in the upcoming 6th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In 2015, he was conferred the 12th T. N. Khoshoo Memorial Award for his work on climate change policy.

TALK BY DR DIPESH CHAKRABARTY
CLIMATE RESEARCH

Watch the recording (above) of a talk on 1 March, 2016, by prominent historian, Dr Dipesh Chakrabarty discussing the emergence of the “Anthropocene” (an epoch when human activities have a significant effect on nature), the implications for how we think about climate change, and the blurring of the boundaries between natural and social sciences.

Dr Chakrabarty is the Lawrence A. Kimpton Distinguished Service Professor in History, South Asian Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago. He is currently working on two books, provisionally entitled The Climate of History (Chicago) and History and the Time of the Present (Duke).